• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    CONSTRUCTION PANELS, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FLOOR PANELS AND WOOD-BASED FLOOR PANELS, WITH REDUCED WEIGHT AND MATERIAL CONTENT. The present invention relates to construction panels, especially laminated floor panels, which are provided with a locking system and several core grooves on the rear side in order to save material and reduce weight.
    公开号:BR112014032994B1
    申请号:R112014032994-0
    申请日:2013-07-01
    公开日:2021-01-12
    发明作者:Darko Pervan
    申请人:Ceraloc Innovation Ab；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [001] The present invention relates generally to the field of panel formation, for example, construction panels. More particularly, the invention relates to a method of forming floor panels and the floor panels produced by the method. FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION
    [002] The modalities of the present invention are particularly suitable for use on floating floors, which are formed by floor plates that are mechanically joined with a locking system and composed of one or more upper layers of laminated decorative material, an intermediate core of wood fiber-based material and a lower balance layer on the back side of the core. The purpose of the following description of the known technique, the problems of systems and objects and the known characteristics of the invention, therefore, as a non-restrictive example, will be focused on this field of application and in particular on laminate floors based on paper or powder based formed as rectangular floor plates intended to be mechanically joined on both long sides and short sides. However, it must be emphasized that the modalities of the invention can be used on all types of floors that are installed with mechanical locking systems, such as, for example, wooden floors, LVT floors with a surface layer of plastic and wood-based building panels, for example, on wall panels and furniture components. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [003] Traditional laminated panels intended to be used, for example, for floors or furniture components, are produced by the following steps as shown in Figures 1a to 1d. A decorative paper 2b and a transparent wear-resistant overlay paper 2a are impregnated with a thermoset resin, such as melamine, and applied to the top of an HDF core 3. A balance paper 4 impregnated with a melamine resin, in called a support, it is applied to the back of an HDF core. The core 3 with the top 2 and bottom 4 layers is moved to a press 5 and pressed under heat and pressure in such a way that the thermoset resins are cured and the layers are joined to the core as shown in Figure 1b.
    [004] Typical press parameters are a pressure of 40 bar and a temperature of 160 to 200 ° C with a pressing time of 12 to 30 seconds.
    [005] This production method and the product obtained by such methods are generally known as the DPL process and DPL (Direct Pressure Laminate) products. The top and bottom surface layers are generally 0.1 to 0.2 mm thick.
    [006] HDF (high density fiber board) comprises wood fiber and a thermoset resin that is also cured by heat and pressure as a board with a thickness of about 6 to 12 mm and a density of about 800 kg / m3.
    [007] The most common floor size is a 1.3 * 0.2 m rectangular panel with a thickness of about 8 mm. The panels are packaged and supplied in a package that contains about 10 panels with a floor area of about 2 m2. The weight of each package is about 16 kg.
    [008] New floor panels with a wood-based surface and a support have recently been developed. The paper is replaced by a support 4 which comprises wood fiber and melamine particles which are spread on one side of a core 3, and a powder-based surface layer 2 which comprises wood fiber, thermoset resins, preferably particles of melamine, aluminum oxide particles and colored pigments, is spread on the other side of the core, which is usually an HDF plate. The dispersion is made by means of rollers and broaches and very precise layers of about 100 to 800 g / m2 can be dispersed with high precision over the HDF core material, which generally has a thickness of about 7 to 10 mm . The surface 2, the core 3 and the support 4 are pressed under heat and pressure in a continuous or batch press 5 to obtain a product with a paperless solid surface layer and a support.
    [009] The pressed powder-based layers can have a thickness of about 0.2 to 1.0 mm. Typical press parameters are similar to conventional laminate flooring and can be a pressure of 40 to 80 bar and a temperature of 160 to 200C with a pressing time of 10 to 40 seconds.
    [0010] Such wood fiber-based floors, generally known as WFF floors, have considerably better properties than traditional laminate floors, since a thicker surface that is more resistant to impact and wear can be produced from an economical way.
    [0011] These two production methods can be combined.
    [0012] A laminate floor with a paper-based surface layer can have a secondary powder-based layer under the decorative paper in order to provide better impact resistance and deeper relief. The paper holder can be replaced with a powder holder. The secondary layer can be used to impregnate the decorative paper during pressing when the resins of the secondary layer penetrate the decorative paper.
    [0013] The WFF floor can also have several different layers on the upper side, for example, a high quality 2a layer and a more economical secondary layer 2b under the top layer. The secondary layer may comprise a lower resin content and no aluminum oxide particle is required.
    [0014] A common feature for paper or powder based surface layers, paper or powder based backing layers and HDF core is that all of these materials comprise wood fiber and heat-resistant binders, preferably melamine or urea, and that they are cured by heat and pressure. The wood fibers can be of the same type.
    [0015] The layers are exposed to a first contraction when the thermoset resin in the upper and lower layers cures during pressing. The HDF core is also heated and is soft and easy to bend. The backing layer balances the tension that is created by the surface layer and the panel is substantially flat with a small backward-facing convex fold when exiting the press. The second temperature contraction, when the panels are cooled from about 160 to 200 ° C to room temperature, is also balanced by the support layer and the panel 1 is essentially flat. A small convex backward fold is preferable, as this neutralizes the upward folded edges in dry conditions when the relative humidity can drop by up to 20% or less during winter.
    [0016] This essentially flat pressed plate comprises tension forces caused by the contraction of the surface and balance layers.
    [0017] The board is generally cut and formed as several floor panels with locking systems on the long and short edges as shown in Figure 1c. The locking system generally comprises a tongue 10 and a groove 9 of the tongue for vertical locking and a strip 6 with a locking element 8 which cooperates with a locking groove 14 for horizontal locking.
    [0018] The surface layer 2 has the same length and width as the support layer 4 as shown in Figure 1d. The locking system can be formed as a part with the core. Alternatively separate materials can be used to form, for example, tongue 10 and / or strip 6.
    [0019] Prices for wood fibers and thermosetting resins are increasing and large increases are expected in the future due to scarcity and the possibility of using wood fibers for energy production.
    [0020] Various methods are used to save material and reduce costs. Such methods are mainly aimed at obtaining finer products that comprise a minimum of resins. Further cost savings are limited by the minimum quality requirements related to the floor panel and the geometry of the locking system.
    [0021] It would be a great advantage if it were possible to reduce the weight and the content of the material. The problem with current laminate and WFF floors is that they must have a high density core such as HDF that is required for the stability, impact resistance and stiffness that is required to withstand the heat and pressure of the pressing operation. . Another problem is that the panels must have a minimum thickness and a core with high shear resistance in order to allow the formation of a locking system with sufficient strength and geometry to allow easy installation.
    [0022] It is known that grooves can be formed on the back side of solid wood floors mainly in order to increase the flexibility of the panel. Such panels are easier to glue on the secondary floor. The grooves on the back side of the panels are not used on laminate and WFF floors, which are installed with mechanical locking systems. The main reason is that such a groove will have a negative impact on the stability of the panel and the locking system, since the material will be removed from the balance layer and the lower parts of the locking system. DEFINITION OF SOME TERMS
    [0023] In the following text, the visible surface of the installed floor plate is called "front side" or "surface", while the opposite side of the floor plate, which faces the secondary floor, is called " back side ". The starting plate material that is used as a base material is called a "core". When the core is coated with a surface layer closer to the front side and preferably also a balance layer closer to the back side, a semimanufacture is formed, which is called "a plate", which, in one operation subsequently, it is generally divided and machined into a plurality of "floor panels".
    [0024] By "horizontal plane" is meant a plane that extends parallel to the outside of the surface layer. The immediately juxtaposed upper parts of two adjacent edges of two floorboards jointly define a "vertical plane" perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
    [0025] The outer parts of the floorboard at the edge of the floorboard between the front and the back side are called "joint edges". As a general rule, the joint edge has several "joint surfaces" that can be vertical, horizontal, angled, rounded, chamfered, etc.
    [0026] The term "locking system" is understood as means of connection that connect the floor panel vertically and / or horizontally. By "mechanical locking system" is meant that the connection can occur without glue.
    [0027] "Up or up" means the surface and "down or down" means the back side. "Inward" means the center of the floor plate and "outward" means in the opposite direction.
    [0028] By "notching" is meant a method of forming a groove or protuberance at an edge of a panel by notching a portion of the edge in its final shape by one or more notching tool configurations comprising various removal surfaces of non-rotating and fixed chips along the feed direction. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [0029] An object of the modalities of the present invention consists of the provision of laminated panels comprising thermoset resins and a method for the production of such panels in order to reduce the weight and material content of such panels, especially floor panels, and the combination of such economical and material reduction methods with high quality locking systems and a core that provides sufficient stability that is required in the pressing operation and when the floor is used. An additional objective is to provide solid wooden floors with reduced weight and material content and greater stability.
    [0030] A first aspect of the invention consists of construction panels that have a surface layer on the front side, an intermediate core and a support layer on the back side of the core, where all of the core and the layers comprise fiber of wood and thermosetting resins. The panels are provided with a locking system for the vertical and horizontal locking of a first edge of a first construction panel to a second adjacent edge of a second construction panel. The upper parts of the first and second edges in a locked position together define a vertical plane perpendicular to a horizontal plane, which is parallel to the surface. Said locking system comprises a tongue and a tongue groove configured to cooperate for vertical locking, and a strip, which is provided with a locking element and configured to cooperate for horizontal locking with a locking groove open downwards formed on an adjacent edge. The support layer and the core comprise several vertically extended grooves of the core with an opening to the rear. The support layer area is less than about 90% of the surface layer area.
    [0031] The support layer may comprise at least three grooves of the core spaced horizontally and into the locking system on a pair of opposite edges.
    [0032] The area of the support layer can be less than 80% of the area of the surface layer.
    [0033] The entire parts of at least one groove of the nucleus can be located within the vertical plane VP at all edges.
    [0034] The panels can be rectangular with long edges and short edges and the grooves of the core can be parallel with the long edges.
    [0035] The grooves in the core can have a groove depth that is at least 0.3 times the thickness of the floor.
    [0036] The grooves of the core may comprise an opening that is larger than an internal part of the grooves.
    [0037] The support layer can comprise essentially the same fibers as the core.
    [0038] A second aspect of the invention is a method for producing floor panels in which each has a surface layer on the front side, an intermediate core and a support layer on the back side of the core in which all between the core and the layers comprise wood fiber and thermosetting resins. The method comprises the steps of: • creating wood fiber chips by forming grooves in the core on the back side of the previously produced panel; • producing a mixture by mixing the wood chips with the thermosetting resin, • dispersing the mixture of wood chips and the thermosetting resin on the top and / or bottom side of the core, • forming a plate when curing the mixture with heat and pressure , • cutting the board into several floor panels, and • forming a locking system at a first and a second edge of the panel, where the locking system comprises a strip, a locking element and a locking groove for the horizontal locking and a tongue and tongue groove for vertical locking.
    [0039] The mixture can be dispersed on the underside of the core.
    [0040] The mixture can be dispersed on the top and bottom sides of the core.
    [0041] The core can be HDF.
    [0042] The grooves of the core can be formed before the formation of the locking system on long or short edges.
    [0043] The grooves of the core can be formed by a repress tool comprising several rotating saw blades or a notching tool.
    [0044] The pressed plate can be more convex than the floor panel.
    [0045] The core grooves are used to create the wood fiber material that can be used in a second step to form the top or bottom layers of the floor panel. The material that is removed from the core when forming the core grooves reduces the weight of the panel despite the fact that the original thickness of the panel is maintained and that a panel that is thicker than the original core can be formed when using the chips the formation of the grooves of the nucleus. The entire floor panel including the top and bottom layers can be formed of materials that comprise the core material.
    [0046] The core and layers may, as an alternative, comprise a thermoplastic material such as PVC, PET or vinyl, preferably used with a load, and the chips created for this alternative modality are plastic chips.
    [0047] The locking system may, as an alternative, comprise a protruding strip on the first or second edge of the panel and a recess on the underside of the other between said first or second edges of the panel. An upper surface of the protruding strip or a lower surface of the recess are preferably provided with an adhesive, such as an adhesive tape, preferably provided with a removable strip.
    [0048] A third aspect of the invention is a wood-based floor panel that has a top layer and a bottom layer of solid wood. The lower layer comprises cavities and the upper layer forms an upper part of the cavities.
    [0049] The panels can have a mechanical locking system on two opposite edges.
    [0050] A fourth aspect of the invention is a method for producing essentially flat floor panels, each of which has a surface layer on one front side, a support layer on one back side, and an intermediate core , in which the surface and the support layer comprise thermoset resins, and in which the method comprises the steps of: • forming a large plate with backward pre-tension by joining the core, the surface layer and the layer of support with heat and pressure; • splitting the board into several floor panels; • formation of core grooves on the back side of the panels in such a way that the convex pre-tension is released at least in part.
    [0051] The grooves of the core can be formed after dividing the board into several floor panels.
    [0052] The above objectives are achieved in whole or in part by means of locking systems, floor panels and production methods according to the modalities of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0053] The present invention will be described by way of example in more detail with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, which show the modalities of the present invention.
    [0054] Figs 1a-d illustrate the known technology.
    [0055] Figs 2a-d illustrate a floor panel according to an embodiment of the invention.
    [0056] Figs 3a-e illustrate alternative embodiments of the invention.
    [0057] Figs 4a-d illustrate the formation of a floor panel according to an embodiment of the invention.
    [0058] Figs 5a-e illustrate modalities of core grooves.
    [0059] Figs 6a-e illustrate the balancing of a panel with core grooves and the core grooves on a solid wooden floor according to the modalities of the invention.
    [0060] Figs 7a-c illustrate tool modalities for forming the grooves of the core.
    [0061] Figs 8a-c illustrate modalities of economical locking systems that can be combined with the grooves of the core. DESCRIPTION OF THE MODALITIES OF THE INVENTION
    [0062] A first modality of the floor plates provided with a mechanical locking system according to the invention is shown in Figures 2a to 2d. The floor panel comprises a locking system at the long edges 1a, 1b and at the short edges 1c, 1d. Figure 2a shows the front side with the surface layer 2, and Figure 2b shows the back side with the support layer 4. The area of the surface layer A 'is essentially the same as the area A of the surface layer. support 4. Figure 2c shows that the essentially vertical core grooves 19a, 19b, with an opening to the back side or the panel, can be formed on the back side in the support layer 4 and in the core 3 which can be a wood-based board such as, for example, HDF, a pressed chip board or plywood. The core can also comprise a plastic material. Such formation can be done with the rotating saw blades 20a as shown in Figure 2d. Notching can also be used. The panels are generally machined with the surface layer 2 pointing downwards. The backing saw blade is moved to panel 20a from top to bottom, or from bottom to top if surface layer 2 is pointing up, and away from panel 20c when the panel moves in relation to the saw blades rotating. Several core grooves 19a, 19b are formed, which, in this preferred embodiment, are located inside the edges and preferably also inside the vertical plane VP, in such a way that they do not intercept any part of the locking systems on the long edges and short. Grooves 19 can also be formed with fixed or non-rotating notching tools.
    [0063] The formation of the grooves creates wood chips 21 which, according to the modalities of the invention, can be ground and sieved as wood powder, which can be mixed with thermoset resin and dispersed in a core to form the surface and / or the support layer. The grooves in the core are mainly used to form the wood fiber material that can be used in the top 2 or bottom 4 layers to save material. They can also be used to decrease the weight of the floor panel.
    [0064] Figures 3a-3e show that core grooves 19 can be formed with many different geometries and patterns. The core grooves 19 can be of different widths as shown in Figure 3b and the length of the groove can be less than the length BL of the support layer. They can be discontinuous as shown in Figures 3c and 3d and they can extend from one edge to the other edge as shown in Figure 3e. The grooves can also be located mainly on the outer parts of the support layer, and there may be a median MA area without any grooves. This can be used to increase the stability of the panel and reduce the negative impact on the backing layer when parts of the backing layer are removed. Grooves can be formed along the long sides and / or along the short sides. The panels can also be square.
    [0065] The grooves of the core reduce the area A of the support layer. The area A of the support layer, in the embodiments shown, is about 60% to 85% of the area A 'of the surface layer. This means that the balance layer will lose 40-15% of its resistance. A thicker support layer or a higher resin content can compensate for such a reduced support area.
    [0066] It is possible to form grooves of the core which reduce the support area A by more than 50% compared to the initial area after pressing, and the area A 'of the surface layer.
    [0067] Figures 4a-4d show the formation of a floor panel 1 according to the modalities of the invention. A secondary layer based on wood powder 2b is applied to a core 3. Figure 4b shows that a surface layer 2 comprising an upper layer 2a of wood powder or a decorative and overlapping paper can be applied to the secondary layer 2b . A backing layer 4 of powder can be applied to the back side of core 3. A = Figure 4c shows the formation of a core groove 19 that creates chips 21. Such chips can be ground, sieved and mixed with heat-resistant binders . This material can be dispersed in the core to form the top layer based on wood and / or secondary layer and / or the support layer as shown in Figure 4b. Finally, the locking system 10, 9, 6, 8, 14 is formed as shown in Figure 4d.
    [0068] The crushing or sieving of the core grooves can be carried out after pressing and before sawing the large plate into individual panels, after the sawing operation but before the formation of the locking system, after the formation of the locking system on two opposite edges, for example, the long edges, or as a final operation after the locking system is formed. Such production steps can be combined and some grooves can be formed in several production steps.
    [0069] The grooves in the core can easily supply enough wood fiber material for the various layers described above. The chip-cured thermoset resins are compatible with the melamine powder that is mixed with the wood powder and no separation of the fibers and cured resins is necessary. The support and surface may comprise new virgin thermoset resins and resins that have already been cured.
    [0070] Figures 5a-e show the preferred geometries other than the grooves of the core which may comprise a vertically extended groove depth GD, for example, from 0.1 to 0.5 times the thickness of the floor T, a groove width GW of about 0.5 to 1 times the floor thickness T, and there may be a horizontally extended space S between the grooves of the core of about 0.2 to 1 times the thickness of the floor T as shown in Figure 5a.
    [0071] The grooves of the core may have different shapes and the inner grooves 19b of the core can be formed with a GD groove depth less than the outer grooves 19a in order to increase the stability of the panel. Core grooves 19c can also be formed with a cutout, for example, by a notching tool 20.
    [0072] Core grooves with a GD groove depth of, for example, 0.8 times the panel thickness T can be formed on wall panels where the requirements for impact resistance are much less than for floor panels.
    [0073] Figures 5a-5c show the core grooves 19 seen from the long edges. The panels have a locking system folded down at the short edges 1c, 1d with a flexible tongue 10 that allows locking with vertical folding. Figure 5c shows a core groove 19 with a GL groove length that is less than the distance between the locking systems at the opposite short edges. Figure 5d shows that the core groove 10 is curved at one short edge 1d and parallel with the surface at the other edge 1c in such a way that it intercepts a part of the locking groove 14. Such modalities allow the repressing tool to be displaced during formation only when the formation of the grooves 19 of the core begins or ends. Figure 5e shows a core groove 19 which is formed with a fixed tool and which intercepts the locking strip 6 and the locking groove 14.
    [0074] The grooves in the core can provide enough material to produce, for example, a support layer of 0.5 mm and a secondary layer of 0.5 mm. A 7 mm HDF core can be used to produce an 8 mm floor panel when using the core material to form the backing layer and preferably at least parts of the surface layers. This can result in material savings and a weight reduction of around 15%.
    [0075] An even greater material saving and weight reduction of about 20% can be achieved if the grooves in the core are formed in such a way as to reduce the support layer with 50% of the floor surface and with a depth of GD groove of 40% of the T floor thickness.
    [0076] The grooves of the core can be filled with a material that is preferably cheaper than wood and / or that gives the floor other properties such as, for example, a greater reduction in sound.
    [0077] Chips can also be used naturally or in part to create thermal energy. The modalities of the invention, therefore, can also be used on floors that comprise a wood-based core and where the core grooves are used for weight reduction and chips for energy or as a load in various applications.
    [0078] The formation of core cores after pressing provides the advantage that the support layer neutralizes the contraction of the upper layer during pressing and the cooling of the pressed plate at this stage of production is not effected by the grooves of the core that are formed in the floor panel after pressing operation.
    [0079] However, the formation of the grooves in the core removes part of the balance layer and this can result in the release of tension and that the edges of the panel fold up after the grooves are formed. Such a panel will not be completely flat and may be slightly concave along its length and width.
    [0080] Figures 6a - 6c show that such problems can be neutralized and completely eliminated if a large plate is formed with a backward pre-tension that is adapted to the dimensional changes caused by the formation of the core grooves as shown in Figure 6a . Pre-tensioning can be achieved, for example, by a thicker support layer which can comprise more resins and which can be cured at a higher temperature than the surface layer. Such a production method is characterized by the fact that the board, when pressed and cooled, has a larger backward fold than the final floor panel with core grooves on the back side. Even a mechanical fold directly after pressing when the plate is still hot can be used to make a plastic deformation and stretch the surface layer in such a way that an "excessive fold" backwards can be created, which partially bounces back to an essentially flat position when core grooves 19 are formed. Figure 6b shows that some of the stress is released when the grooves in the core are formed and the floor panel can be essentially flat when the grooves and edges are formed as shown in Figure 6c.
    [0081] Figure 6c shows that the grooves of the core can be covered with a separate covering layer 23, for example, a paper, a thin plastic sheet, foam, cork or a wood veneer. This can be used to hide the grooves, provide a seal against moisture or to reduce sound. The grooves of the core according to the modalities of the invention, therefore, can also be used on veneered floors where an upper and lower wood veneer are glued to a wood-based core such as plywood, HDF or a chip board pressed.
    [0082] Figure 6d shows that the method for forming core grooves 19 can also be used on solid wood floors where core grooves 19 are formed on solid wood body 3, preferably along the fibers 24 in the direction the length of the panel. A veneer or a wood veneer can be used as a covering layer 23 to cover the opening 25 of the core grooves 19. Such a wood-based covering layer 23, which may have a thickness, for example, of 0 , 5 to 1.0 mm or more, can also provide stability and can neutralize folding and warping. The moisture content of the veneer can be adapted to the wetter content of the solid wood body in such a way that a tension is obtained when the veneer or wood veneer contracts.
    [0083] Figure 6e shows a wood-based floor panel that has an upper layer and a lower layer 4 of solid wood. The layer can be made of different types of wood that are glued together. The lower layer 4 comprises cavities 26. The upper layer can form an upper part 27 of such cavities. The cavities can also be formed in the upper layer and the lower layer can form a lower part of such cavities.
    [0084] The different types of wood that are glued together may have more or less the same thickness. The locking system can be formed wholly or in part in the lower layer 4. Core grooves 19 with an opening pointing downwards can also be formed in the lower layer 4. The embodiment shown in Figure 6e can comprise HDF plates, in instead of the solid wood layers, which can be formed and glued together in the same way as described above. Such a combination core can be laminated like a conventional solid HDF board. This method is particularly suitable for use with thicker laminated panels of a thickness of about 8 to 12 mm.
    [0085] Core grooves or cavities formed in solid wood provide the advantages that the weight of the solid wood floor can be reduced and greater stability can be obtained.
    [0086] The chips in the core grooves or cavities can be used for thermal energy or to produce wood fibers for other powder-based floors or fiber-based boards such as particle boards. It is also possible to mix the wood chips with a binder and produce an artificial wood veneer that can be manipulated as a separate layer and glued against the opening of the core grooves.
    [0087] The same technology can be used on a floor with a core based on plywood and a layer of veneered surface.
    [0088] Figure 7a shows a tool 20 comprising several rotating saw blades that can be used to form core grooves 19.
    [0089] Figure 7b shows a notching tool 20 with several notching teeth 20a-d which are horizontally displaced. The notching tool is preferably fixed in the horizontal direction and the panel is moved against the notching tool in the FD feed direction against the tool. Each tooth can notch about 0.3 to 0.5 mm in the HDF material. The groove can be in V or U shape or even cut out with an internal part that has a horizontal extension perpendicular to the length of the groove greater than the opening.
    [0090] Figures 8a-8c show that greater cost savings can be obtained with locking systems that are adapted to be separated from the large plate with overlapping edges OL and with a non-linear cut that is preferably made with the notching tools 20a, 20b. Figures 8a-8c show a locking system, which comprises a projecting tongue 10 and a projecting strip 6 on the same edge. Such joint geometry can be used to obtain a considerable reduction in the residual material W that is caused when the panels are cut and when the locking systems are formed. Figure 8c shows that the back side 6a of the strip 6 can be formed in such a way that the back side of the strip is angled upwards and such that an outer part of the strip is closer to the surface than an inner part. All of this forming and residual material can be used to obtain the wood fibers that can be used in the upper or lower layers of a panel.
    [0091] The grooves of the core can be combined with the nonlinear separation and locking systems that make it possible to divide the board into several panels that have such a geometry that they can be positioned in the same horizontal HP plane with overlapping edges.
    [0092] It is possible to form the entire floor panel from the wood material obtained from the core of other floor panels. Only the melamine powder has to be added to the mixture. The top layer can be harder than the core, since a higher density can be created when pressing the powder mixture. Such panels can be formed with raised structures and can be painted, varnished or digitally printed at the factory, or painted and / or varnished after installation.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [0001]
    1. Construction panels (1, 1 '), each of which has a surface layer (2) on one front side, a support layer (4) on one back side and an intermediate core (3), wherein the intermediate core comprises wood fibers and thermosetting resins, said building panels being provided with a locking system for the vertical and horizontal locking of a first edge of a first building panel (1) to a second adjacent edge of a second construction panel (1 '), in which the upper parts of the first and second edges in a locked position together define a vertical plane (VP) perpendicular to the horizontal plane (HP), which is parallel to the surface layer (2 ), and wherein said locking system comprises a tongue (10) and a tongue groove (9) configured to cooperate for vertical locking, and on the first edge a strip (6) provided with a locking element (8) , which is configured to cooperate for the traverse horizontal with an open downward groove (14) formed on the second edge, in which the construction panels are rectangular with long edges (1a, 1b) and short edges (1c, 1d), where the support layer ( 4) and the intermediate core (3) comprise at least two vertically extended core grooves (19) with an opening to the rear, and where the area (A) of the support layer is less than about 90% of the area (A ') of the surface layer, characterized by the fact that the surface layer and the support layer comprise wood fibers and thermoset resins, that the core grooves (19) are essentially parallel with the long edges (1a , 1b), and that the entire part of the core grooves (19) is arranged within the vertical plane (VP) at all edges in such a way that they do not intersect any part of the locking systems at the long edges (1a, 1b) and on the short edges (1c, 1d), where the support layer is thicker, or where the content wetting of the thermosetting resin of the backing layer is increased, or where the building panels are pre-tensioned backwards.
    [0002]
    Construction panels according to claim 1, characterized in that the support layer (4) comprises at least three core grooves (19) spaced horizontally and into the locking system at a pair of opposite edges.
    [0003]
    Construction panels according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the area (A) of the support layer is less than 80% of the area of the surface layer (A ').
    [0004]
    Construction panels according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the depth of the core groove (GD) is at least 0.3 times a thickness of the floor (T).
    [0005]
    Construction panels according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core grooves (19) comprise an opening with a groove width (GW) that is larger than an internal part of said groove.
    [0006]
    Construction panels according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support layer (4) comprises essentially the same types of fibers as the core (3).
    [0007]
    Construction panels according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core grooves (19) have different widths and a groove length is less than a length (BL) of the support layer (4) .
    [0008]
    Construction panels according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the core grooves (19) are discontinuous.
    [0009]
    9. Construction panels according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the core grooves (19) are located mainly on the outer parts of the support layer (4), and there is a median area (MA) without any core groove (19).
    [0010]
    10. Construction panels according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the core grooves (19) have different shapes and the internal grooves of the core (19b) are formed with a groove depth (GD) less than than the external grooves (19a).
    [0011]
    11. Construction panels according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the core grooves (19) are filled with material
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    法律状态:
    2018-04-03| B25A| Requested transfer of rights approved|Owner name: CERALOC INNOVATION AB (SE) |
    2018-12-04| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2020-02-04| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|
    2020-11-17| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2021-01-12| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 01/07/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US201261667190P| true| 2012-07-02|2012-07-02|
    US61/667,190|2012-07-02|
    SE1250750|2012-07-02|
    SE1250750-5|2012-07-02|
    PCT/SE2013/050837|WO2014007738A1|2012-07-02|2013-07-01|A building panels, a method to produce of floor panels and a wooden based floor panel, with reduced weight and material content|
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